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Some Useful Stuff - NLP
1. List
application of NLP.
Ans. Information
retrieval
Query
answering
Report
generation
Grammer
checking
Machine
translation
Sentence
extraction
Text
proofing
2. List
different kind of ambiguities in speech and language processing.
Ans. Lexical
ambiguity
Word-sense
ambiguity
Syntactic
ambiguity
3. What
do you mean by morphology in NLP?
Ans. Morphology is study of meaningful
components of words.
4. Differentiate
between natural languages and formal languages.
Ans. Formal language is a set of strings,
each string composed of symbols from a finite symbol-set called as alphabet
while Natural language is that real people speak.
5. Match
following:
1. Syntax E.
The study of structural relationships between words
2. Discourse D. The study of linguistic units
larger than a single utterance
3. Phonetics &
Phonology A. The study of
linguistic sound
4. Semantic B. The study of meaning
5. Part of Speech Tagging C. The study of relationship with
adjacent and related words in a phrase, sentence, or paragraph
5. List
models and algorithms used in language processing applications.
Ans. State
machines
Formal
rule systems
Logic-based
formalisms
Probability
theory
State
space search algorithms
Dynamic
programming algorithms
6. Define
morpheme.
Ans. A morpheme is often defined as minimal
meaning-bearing unit in a language.
7. What
do you mean by word sense disambiguation?
Ans. It is a process of identifying which
sense of a word is used in sentence, when word has multiple meanings.
8. What
do you mean by part of speech tagging?
Ans. It is the process of assigning a
part-of-speech or other lexical class marker to each word in a corpus. Tags are
also usually applied to punctuation markers; thus tagging for natural language
is same as tokenization for computer languages.
Some Useful Stuff – DIP
1. Define
digital image.
Ans. An image can be defined as a 2D
function f(x,y) where x,y are spatial coordinates, amplitude of f at any pair
of coordinates (x,y) is called intensity or grey level of image at that point
where x,y and intensity values of f are all finite and discrete quantities.
2. What
do you mean by intensity?
Ans. The value of the function f (x,
y) at every point indexed by a row and a column is called grey value or
intensity of the image
3. What
is an image?
Ans. An image is an artifact that depicts
or records visual perception.
4. What
do you mean by digital image processing?
Ans. Digital image processing is an
area that uses digital circuits, systems, and software algorithms to carry out
the image processing operations. The image processing operations may include
quality enhancement of an image, counting of objects, and image analysis.
5. Why
do we need digital image processing?
Ans.
6. Define
pixel or picture element.
Ans. It is a smallest addressable element
on a display device.
7. What
do you mean by grey level?
Ans .Same as ans 2.
8. Define
Resolutions?
Ans.
Image resolution is the detail
an image holds. The term applies to raster digital images,
film images, and other types of images. Higher resolution means
more image detail. Image resolution can be
measured in various ways.
9. How
one can differentiate between image processing and image analysis and computer
vision?
Ans. Image Processing- title says that it processes image, means does some transformations
on image. That means may be it does some smoothing, sharpening, contrasting, stretching...
On the image for making image more enhancive & readable that is input and
output of a process are images.
Computer Vision -> the ultimate
goal is to use computers to emulate human vision, including learning and being
able to make inferences and take actions based on visual inputs.
Image analysis-> is the extraction of meaningful
information from images.
10. What
do you mean by low level processing in image processing?
Ans. Operates directly on stored image to
improve/enhance it.Stored image consists of two-dimensional array of pixels
(picture elements):
Many
low-level image-processing operations assume monochrome images and refer to
pixels as having gray level values or intensities
11. What
do you mean by mid-level processing in image processing?
Ans.
12. What do you mean by high level processing in image
processing?
13. What are the steps involved in DIP?
Ans. 1.
Image acquisition
2.
Image enhancement
3.
Image restoration
4. Color Image Processing
5.
Wavelets
6.
Compression
7.
Morphological Processing
8.
Image segmentation
9.
Representation and Description
10.
Knowledge base
14. What do you mean by image enhancement?
Ans. It aims to improve the quality of image
so that analysis of image is reliable.
15. What do you mean by suitable image for an application
in image enhancement?
Ans.
16. What is image
restoration?
Ans. Image restoration is the operation of taking a corrupted/noisy
image and estimating the clean original image. Corruption may come in many
forms such as motion blur, noise, and camera
misfocus.
17. What do you
mean by morphological processing?
Ans. Morphological image processing is a collection of non-linear operations related to the
shape or morphology of features in an image.
OR
Morphological image processing techniques are useful for
extracting image components that are useful in representing and describing
region shapes.
18.
What is recognition and Interpretation?
Ans.
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